During root canal treatment, the dentist removes the infected pulp from the tooth's root canal. In some cases, a small piece of the root may be left behind. This is usually not a problem, as the root will continue to heal and the tooth will remain healthy.
However, in some cases, the remaining root fragment can cause problems. It can become infected, or it can put pressure on the surrounding tissues. If this happens, the dentist may need to remove the root fragment.